Grammar Exercise #10

How to write a problem and solution essay

A common type of essay in the IELTS exam is called a 'problem and solution' essay. This is where you have to explain the main cause(s) of a common social problem, then give some solutions to it.

Here is a typical question:

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Air pollution in cities is growing at an alarming rate.

What measures could be taken to address this problem?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Here is a model answer. Look at the words or phrases in capitals. Choose the most appropriate word or phrase.

Air pollution can ..........DEFINEBE DEFINED as the addition of something harmful to the air at a faster rate than it can ..........ABSORBBE ABSORBED. Everyone should be concerned about air pollution. It ..........AFFECTSIS AFFECTED us all, and as it ..........CONTINUESIS CONTINUED to worsen, so the environmental impact increases.

One of the major causes of air pollution in cities is car use. Cars ..........USEARE USED for even the shortest of journeys, and all efforts by governments to encourage people ..........TO USETO BE USED public transport seem to be failing. Industry is another major cause of pollution in our cities, but fortunately, new industrial sites ..........ARE BUILDINGARE BEING BUILT away from large urban centres.

It ..........SAYSIS SAID that there are too many contributing factors for us ..........TO DECIDETO BE DECIDED exactly which one is the main problem, but I believe that one of the most serious problems that needs ..........TO TACKLETACKLING is the use of the car. In some cities laws ..........HAVE PASSEDHAVE BEEN PASSED concerning car use. Athens, for example, only ..........ALLOWSIS ALLOWED a certain number of cars into the city centre each day. In my opinion, this is a good idea. With this kind of law people have no choice and ..........FORCEARE FORCED to use buses and trains. This ensures governments ..........KNOWIS KNOWN that public transport ..........WILL USEWILL BE USED, and can therefore justify the investment and expense of ensuring the system works properly.

Another thing governments could do is to force people to ..........HAVE THEIR CARS CHECKEDCHECK THEIR CARS for carbon emissions and fine people with cars that produce high levels of harmful gases.

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